Christian Canon Compared
Compare which books are considered canonical scripture across Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Ethiopian Orthodox, Protestant, and Jewish traditions.
Different religious traditions recognize different books as scripture. Use the comparison table below to see which books are considered canonical in each tradition.
Use the Focus with Justin Christian Canon Compared tool for a deeper dive into canonical, deuterocanonical, pseudepigraphal, and esoteric scriptures. Inspired by Justin’s work originally published in the Comparative Study Guide .
Legend
🟦 Canonical Scripture
🟪 Deuterocanonical
🟩 Hermetic
⬜ LDS Scripture
🟨 Mystical/Rabbinic
🟧 Patristic
🟫 Pseudepigraphal
✓ = Present or historically received | — = Not included
| # | Book | Cat | RC | EO | PR | EV | ET | LDS | AN | JW | CO | AA | SY | AC | SM | OJ | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Testament Shared Canon and Deuterocanonical Books | |||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Genesis | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Creation, covenant, ancestral narratives |
| 2 | Exodus | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Liberation, law, divine presence |
| 3 | Leviticus | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Priestly law and holiness |
| 4 | Numbers | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Wilderness journey and testing |
| 5 | Deuteronomy | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Covenant renewal and ethical law |
| 6 | Joshua | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Land, conquest, divine promise |
| 7 | Judges | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Tribal cycles and moral decline |
| 8 | Ruth | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Loyalty and lineage |
| 9 | 1 Samuel | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Kingship and prophecy |
| 10 | 2 Samuel | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Davidic covenant |
| 11 | 1 Kings | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Temple and monarchy |
| 12 | 2 Kings | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Exile and judgment |
| 13 | 1 Chronicles | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Cultic history |
| 14 | 2 Chronicles | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Restoration theology |
| 15 | Ezra | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Return from exile |
| 16 | Nehemiah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Covenant rebuilding |
| 17 | Tobit | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Diaspora piety |
| 18 | Judith | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Faithful deliverance |
| 19 | Esther (Hebrew form) | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Hebrew Esther in the Tanakh |
| 20 | Additions to Esther (Greek) | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Greek expansions associated with Esther |
| 21 | 1 Maccabees | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Historical revolt |
| 22 | 2 Maccabees | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Martyrdom and resurrection hope |
| 23 | 3 Maccabees | 🟪 | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | EO usage varies by sub-tradition |
| 24 | Job | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Suffering and divine justice |
| 25 | Psalms 1-150 | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Liturgical prayer |
| 26 | Proverbs | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Wisdom instruction |
| 27 | Ecclesiastes | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Mortality and meaning |
| 28 | Song of Songs | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Love and allegory |
| 29 | Wisdom of Solomon | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Hellenistic Jewish theology |
| 30 | Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Ethical instruction |
| 31 | Isaiah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Prophetic hope |
| 32 | Jeremiah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Covenant crisis |
| 33 | Lamentations | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Grief and hope |
| 34 | Baruch | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Exilic reflection |
| 35 | Epistle (Letter) of Jeremiah | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Often transmitted with Baruch |
| 36 | Ezekiel | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Visionary prophecy |
| 37 | Daniel (Hebrew-Aramaic form) | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Canonical Daniel in the Tanakh |
| 38 | Prayer of Azariah and Song | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Greek addition associated with Daniel |
| 39 | Susanna | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Greek addition associated with Daniel |
| 40 | Bel and the Dragon | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Greek addition associated with Daniel |
| 41 | Hosea | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Covenant infidelity |
| 42 | Joel | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Day of the Lord |
| 43 | Amos | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Social justice prophecy |
| 44 | Obadiah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Judgment on Edom |
| 45 | Jonah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Mercy beyond Israel |
| 46 | Micah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Justice and messianic hope |
| 47 | Nahum | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Fall of Nineveh |
| 48 | Habakkuk | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Faith amid injustice |
| 49 | Zephaniah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Judgment and restoration |
| 50 | Haggai | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Temple rebuilding |
| 51 | Zechariah | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Apocalyptic visions |
| 52 | Malachi | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | ✓ | Covenant renewal |
| Ethiopian Orthodox Canon and Distinctives | |||||||||||||||||
| 53 | 1 Enoch | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethiopian canonical; Watchers and ascent |
| 54 | Jubilees | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethiopian canonical; rewritten Torah themes |
| 55 | 1 Meqabyan | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Distinct from 1 Maccabees |
| 56 | 2 Meqabyan | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Distinct from 2 Maccabees |
| 57 | 3 Meqabyan | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Distinct from 3 Maccabees |
| 58 | Josippon (chronicle) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Preserved and used historically; not scripture |
| New Testament | |||||||||||||||||
| 59 | Matthew | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Gospel of the Messiah |
| 60 | Mark | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Gospel proclamation |
| 61 | Luke | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Gospel to the nations |
| 62 | John | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | High Christology |
| 63 | Acts | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Apostolic history |
| 64 | Romans | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Justification and theology |
| 65 | 1 Corinthians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Church order and resurrection |
| 66 | 2 Corinthians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Apostolic ministry |
| 67 | Galatians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Law and grace |
| 68 | Ephesians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Unity of the Church |
| 69 | Philippians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Christological hymn |
| 70 | Colossians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Supremacy of Christ |
| 71 | 1 Thessalonians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Eschatological hope |
| 72 | 2 Thessalonians | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Perseverance and judgment |
| 73 | 1 Timothy | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Pastoral instruction |
| 74 | 2 Timothy | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Apostolic succession |
| 75 | Titus | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Church leadership |
| 76 | Philemon | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Christian reconciliation |
| 77 | Hebrews | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Christ as high priest |
| 78 | James | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Faith and works |
| 79 | 1 Peter | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Suffering and hope |
| 80 | 2 Peter | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | False teaching and perseverance |
| 81 | 1 John | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | Love and truth |
| 82 | 2 John | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Fidelity to doctrine |
| 83 | 3 John | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Hospitality and authority |
| 84 | Jude | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Contending for the faith |
| 85 | Revelation | 🟦 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | Apocalypse and consummation |
| Ethiopian Church Texts and Liturgical-Legal Collections | |||||||||||||||||
| 86 | Sinodos | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethiopic church order and canonical regulations |
| 87 | Didascalia Apostolorum | 🟪 🟧 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Apostolic church order; Ethiopic and Syriac reception |
| 88 | Clementine Homilies | 🟫 🟧 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Clementine literature; preserved and influential |
| 89 | Clementine Recognitions | 🟫 🟧 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Clementine literature; narrative-theological expansion |
| 90 | Book of the Covenant (Old) | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethiopic legal-theological collection |
| 91 | Book of the Covenant (New) | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethiopic apostolic ethics collection |
| 92 | Mysteries of Heaven and Earth | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethiopic cosmology and sacred lore |
| 93 | Psalm 151 | 🟪 | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Present in Orthodox Psalters; used liturgically in Ethiopia |
| 94 | Prayer of Manasseh | 🟪 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Penitential prayer; often transmitted in appendices |
| Jewish Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom, and Apocalyptic Literature | |||||||||||||||||
| 95 | Life of Adam and Eve (Greek Apocalypse) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Greek recension of the Adamic cycle |
| 96 | Life of Adam and Eve (Latin Vita) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Latin Vita Adae et Evae |
| 97 | Apocalypse of Moses | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Closely related Adamic apocalypse |
| 98 | Psalms of Solomon | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Second Temple piety and messianism |
| 99 | Letter of Aristeas | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Septuagint origin narrative |
| 100 | Story of Ahikar | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Wisdom tale with Near Eastern transmission |
| 101 | Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethical-apocalyptic expansions |
| 102 | 2 Baruch (Syriac Apocalypse) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Post-Temple Jewish apocalypse |
| 103 | 3 Baruch | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Visionary cosmology |
| 104 | Apocalypse of Abraham | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Angelic revelation and covenant theology |
| 105 | 4 Maccabees | 🟫 | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Philosophical martyrdom; appended in Greek Orthodox settings |
| 106 | 2 Enoch (Slavonic Enoch) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Slavonic transmission; not Ethiopian canonical |
| Second Temple Texts and the Dead Sea Scrolls | |||||||||||||||||
| 107 | Community Rule (1QS) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Qumran sectarian rule, initiation, and theology |
| 108 | Damascus Document (CD) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Covenant community law and exhortation |
| 109 | War Scroll (1QM) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Apocalyptic warfare and eschatological conflict |
| 110 | Temple Scroll (11QT) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Alternative temple legislation and cultic law |
| 111 | Thanksgiving Hymns (Hodayot, 1QH) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sectarian psalms of thanksgiving and lament |
| 112 | Pesher Habakkuk (1QpHab) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Prophetic commentary using pesher interpretation |
| 113 | Rule of the Congregation (1QSa) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Messianic assembly regulations |
| 114 | Rule of the Blessings (1QSb) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Priestly and communal blessings |
| 115 | Genesis Apocryphon (1Q20) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Expanded patriarchal narratives |
| 116 | Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Angelic liturgy and heavenly temple mysticism |
| Mystical, Rabbinic, and Kabbalistic Literature | |||||||||||||||||
| 117 | Talmud Bavli | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Central rabbinic corpus |
| 118 | Talmud Yerushalmi | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Palestinian rabbinic corpus |
| 119 | Midrash Rabbah | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Classical homiletical midrash on Torah and Megillot |
| 120 | Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Halakhic midrash on Exodus |
| 121 | Sifra | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Halakhic midrash on Leviticus |
| 122 | Sifre | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Halakhic midrash on Numbers and Deuteronomy |
| 123 | Sefer Yetzirah | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Creation through letters and sefirotic structure |
| 124 | Sefer HaBahir | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Early Kabbalistic mysticism |
| 125 | Zohar | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Central Kabbalistic corpus |
| 126 | Pardes Rimonim | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Systematic Kabbalah synthesis (Cordovero) |
| 127 | Sefer HaTemunah | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Cyclical cosmology and sabbatical theory |
| 128 | Heikhalot Rabbati | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Merkabah throne mysticism |
| 129 | Heikhalot Zutarti | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Merkabah ascent traditions |
| 130 | Shiur Qomah | 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | Mystical anthropomorphic speculation |
| Hermetic and Hellenistic Esoteric Texts | |||||||||||||||||
| 131 | Corpus Hermeticum (general) | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Core Hermetic philosophical corpus |
| 132 | Poimandres (CH I) | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Revelatory cosmology and divine mind |
| 133 | Discourse on the Ogdoad and Ennead | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ascent of the soul |
| 134 | Asclepius | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Theurgy, divine humanity, cosmology |
| 135 | Emerald Tablet | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Alchemical axiom; later Arabic-Latin |
| 136 | Stobaean Hermetica | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Fragmentary Hermetic excerpts |
| 137 | Astrological Hermetica | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Planetary influence and fate |
| 138 | Alchemical Hermetica | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Transformation symbolism and practice |
| 139 | Magical Hermetica | 🟩 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ritual, invocation, and praxis |
| Early Church Fathers and Apostolic-Era Writings | |||||||||||||||||
| 140 | Didache | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Early church instruction and moral catechesis |
| 141 | 1 Clement | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Apostolic-era Roman witness |
| 142 | Letters of Ignatius of Antioch | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Ecclesiology, martyrdom, and unity |
| 143 | Letter of Polycarp to the Philippians | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Apostolic continuity and pastoral exhortation |
| 144 | Martyrdom of Polycarp | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Early martyrdom narrative |
| 145 | First Apology (Justin Martyr) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Christian defense before pagan authorities |
| 146 | Dialogue with Trypho | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Christian-Jewish theological dialogue |
| 147 | Against Heresies (Irenaeus) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Rule of faith; anti-gnostic polemic |
| 148 | Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Catechetical summary of Christian belief |
| 149 | On First Principles (Origen) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Systematic theology and allegorical exegesis |
| 150 | Homilies on Scripture (Origen) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Biblical interpretation and preaching |
| 151 | Festal Letter 39 (Athanasius) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Canon list and Trinitarian orthodoxy |
| 152 | On the Incarnation (Athanasius) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Christology and soteriology |
| 153 | Hymns on Faith (Ephrem the Syrian) | 🟧 🟨 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Hymnic theology and poetic doctrine |
| 154 | Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Classical homiletics (John Chrysostom) |
| 155 | On the Unity of Christ (Cyril of Alexandria) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Christological synthesis |
| 156 | Confessions (Augustine) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Spiritual autobiography and theology |
| 157 | City of God (Augustine) | 🟧 | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Christian philosophy of history |
| 158 | Shepherd of Hermas | 🟧 🟫 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Widely read in early Christianity; later excluded from formal canons |
| 159 | Epistle of Barnabas | 🟧 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Early Christian exegesis and polemic; widely circulated |
| Optional Extras and Supplementary Apocrypha | |||||||||||||||||
| 160 | Ethiopic Apocalypse of Peter | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Heaven and hell visions in Ethiopic tradition |
| 161 | Psalm 151 | 🟫 🟨 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Expanded Davidic psalm beyond the Hebrew Psalter |
| 162 | Psalms 152-155 | 🟫 🟨 | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Additional psalms preserved in Ethiopic and Syriac traditions |
| 163 | Protoevangelium of James | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Marian infancy traditions |
| 164 | Apocalypse of Paul | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Visionary afterlife tradition |
| 165 | Acts of Paul and Thecla | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Popular early Christian narrative |
| 166 | Gospel of Thomas | 🟫 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Sayings tradition |
| 167 | Gospel of Mary | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Early Christian mystical and revelatory themes |
| 168 | Apocryphon of John | 🟫 🟨 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Gnostic cosmology and emanation myth |
| 169 | Biblical Odes (Odes Collection) | 🟫 🟧 | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Orthodox liturgical hymn cycle; may include Prayer of Manasseh |
| 170 | 4 Ezra (2 Esdras / 4 Esdras) | 🟫 | — | ✓ | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Canonical status varies in EO; canonical in Ethiopian tradition |
| 171 | Martyrdom (Ascension) of Isaiah | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Jewish-Christian prophetic martyrdom and visionary ascent |
| 172 | Testament of Abraham | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Ethical narrative with angelic judgment motifs |
| 173 | Pseudo-Philo (Biblical Antiquities) | 🟫 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Retelling of Israel's history with interpretive expansions |
| Latter-day Saint Scripture | |||||||||||||||||
| 174 | Book of Mormon | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Record of ancient American prophets; keystone of LDS faith |
| 175 | 1 Nephi | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Lehi's departure from Jerusalem; Nephi's vision |
| 176 | 2 Nephi | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Isaiah prophecies; Nephi's teachings on Christ |
| 177 | Jacob | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Allegory of the olive tree; warnings against pride |
| 178 | Enos | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Enos's wrestle with God in prayer |
| 179 | Jarom | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Brief historical account |
| 180 | Omni | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Transition to Mosiah's record |
| 181 | Words of Mormon | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Mormon's editorial transition |
| 182 | Mosiah | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | King Benjamin's address; Alma's conversion |
| 183 | Alma | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Largest book; missionary journeys; war chapters |
| 184 | Helaman | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Gadianton robbers; Samuel the Lamanite |
| 185 | 3 Nephi | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Christ's ministry in Americas; Sermon at temple |
| 186 | 4 Nephi | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 200 years of peace after Christ's visit |
| 187 | Mormon | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Mormon's abridgment; destruction of Nephites |
| 188 | Ether | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Jaredite record; brother of Jared's vision |
| 189 | Moroni | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Moroni's farewell; promise of the Spirit |
| 190 | Doctrine and Covenants | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Modern revelations to Joseph Smith and successors |
| 191 | Pearl of Great Price | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Collection including Moses, Abraham, JS-History, Articles of Faith |
| 192 | Book of Moses | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Expanded Genesis account; visions of Moses |
| 193 | Book of Abraham | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Abraham's writings; cosmology and pre-mortal existence |
| 194 | Joseph Smith—Matthew | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Joseph Smith's inspired translation of Matthew 24 |
| 195 | Joseph Smith—History | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | First Vision and early church history |
| 196 | Articles of Faith | ⬜ | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Thirteen basic LDS beliefs |
| Armenian Apostolic Distinctives | |||||||||||||||||
| 197 | 3 Corinthians | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Part of Acts of Paul; canonical in Armenian tradition |
| 198 | Corinthians' Letter to Paul | 🟪 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ✓ | — | — | — | — | Paired with 3 Corinthians in Armenian Bible |
Canon Summary by Tradition
| Tradition | Books | Description |
|---|---|---|
| RC (Roman Catholic) | 97 | 73 books including deuterocanonical texts |
| EO (Eastern Orthodox) | 102 | Varies by jurisdiction, typically includes additional books |
| PR (Protestant) | 66 | 66 books - OT Hebrew canon plus NT |
| EV (Evangelical) | 66 | 66 books - same as Protestant mainline |
| ET (Ethiopian Orthodox) | 114 | 81 books including unique Ethiopian texts |
| LDS (Latter-day Saints) | 89 | Bible plus Book of Mormon, D&C, Pearl of Great Price |
| AN (Anglican) | 66 | 66 books canonical; Apocrypha read for edification |
| JW (Jehovah's Witnesses) | 66 | 66 books (New World Translation) |
| CO (Coptic Orthodox) | 102 | Similar to Eastern Orthodox with some variations |
| AA (Armenian Apostolic) | 104 | Includes unique texts like 3 Corinthians |
| SY (Syriac Orthodox) | 77 | Peshitta tradition with some unique texts |
| AC (Assyrian Church of East) | 61 | 22-book NT canon (excludes 2 Pet, 2-3 John, Jude, Rev) |
| SM (Samaritan) | 5 | Torah only (5 books) - Samaritan Pentateuch |
| OJ (Orthodox Jewish) | 53 | Rabbinic Tanakh - 24 books |
| Total Unique Texts | 198 | All texts across all traditions |